LITERATURE: Arne Eggum: Edvard Munch Livsfrisen fra maleri til grafikk (Edvard Munch The Frieze of Life from Paintings to Graphic Art), Oslo 1990, 3. ed. 2000.
Gerd Woll: Edvard Munch - Complete Paintings, London 2009.
The three female figures are related to other women in other frieze of life motifs, for example, in "Separation" (Woll 344) and "Red and White" (Woll 463) ..., and can more or less be regarded as types or formulae in Munch's art. They evoke various aspects of woman and the cycle of youth, the mature woman and old age. Eggum, p. 97.